F1輪胎胎溫檢測系統設計

Abstract

中文摘要 本專題旨在設計一套應用於一級方程式（F1）賽車的高精度輪胎溫度監測系統，以解決F1賽事中因胎溫劇烈變化而影響賽車性能與安全性的關鍵問題。其主要目的為提供一套可靠、即時的胎溫數據採集方案，供車隊工程師進行性能調校與策略制定。

為達成此目的，本設計遵循《感測器應用與線路分析》之流程，選用溫度係數（TCR）為+4240 ppm/°C的TSR電阻式感測器，以量測0 °C至150 °C的溫度範圍。核心電路採用有源電橋結構，將感測器的電阻變化（100 Ω至163.6 Ω）精密轉換為0 V至-0.06 V的線性電壓訊號。為提升訊號解析度，後級電路採用精密運算放大器（如LM308A或其現代替代品AD8628）構成增益為-50倍的反相放大器，將訊號放大至0 V至+3.0 V，以利後續的指針電錶指示或微控制器（MCU）進行數據採集。過程中充分考量F1賽車嚴苛的電磁干擾（EMI）環境，透過屏蔽、電源濾波及訊號濾波等抗雜訊技術，確保系統的穩定性與準確性。

最終，本專題成功提出了一套完整的類比訊號調理電路設計方案，其輸出訊號具備良好的線性度，理論上可達到±1 °C的量測精度。此設計不僅可直接驅動指示儀錶，更具備與現代數位遙測系統整合的潛力，例如將輸出訊號接入車載ECU或數據採集單元（DAU）進行數位化處理。本研究成果可作為F1賽車、或其他高性能車輛之溫度感測系統的基礎設計藍圖，為精確掌握車輛動態性能提供了可靠的技術基礎。

Abstract This project aims to design a high-precision tire temperature monitoring system for Formula One (F1) racing applications. The primary objective is to address the critical issue of how significant tire temperature variations impact vehicle performance and safety during F1 events. The system is intended to provide a reliable, real-time solution for tire temperature data acquisition, enabling race engineers to make informed decisions on performance tuning and race strategy.

To achieve this goal, the design follows the methodology outlined in the textbook Sensor Applications and Circuit Analysis. A Temperature Sensitive Resistor (TSR) with a Temperature Coefficient of Resistance (TCR) of +4240 ppm/°C was selected to measure temperatures within a range of 0 °C to 150 °C. The core of the circuit utilizes an active bridge configuration to precisely convert the sensor's resistance change (from 100 Ω to 163.6 Ω) into a linear voltage signal from 0 V to -0.06 V. To enhance signal resolution, a subsequent stage employs a precision operational amplifier (e.g., LM308A or its modern equivalent, AD8628) in an inverting configuration with a gain of -50, amplifying the signal to a 0 V to +3.0 V range. This output is suitable for driving an analog meter or for data acquisition by a microcontroller (MCU). The design gives full consideration to the harsh Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) environment of F1 racing, incorporating noise suppression techniques such as shielding, power supply filtering, and signal filtering to ensure system stability and accuracy.

Ultimately, this project successfully proposes a complete analog signal conditioning circuit design. The resulting output signal demonstrates excellent linearity and is theoretically capable of achieving a measurement accuracy of ±1 °C. This design can not only drive an indicator gauge directly but also holds the potential for integration with modern digital telemetry systems, such as interfacing with an onboard ECU or Data Acquisition Unit (DAU) for digital processing. The findings of this study can serve as a foundational blueprint for temperature sensing systems in F1 or other high-performance vehicles, providing a robust technical basis for accurately mastering vehicle dynamic performance.