智慧洗澡系統：預防高溫燙傷之老人照護應用

Abstract

中文摘要 本研究旨在解決高齡者沐浴過程中因水溫過高導致的燙傷風險。隨著人口高齡化，長者因皮膚感知下降與反應遲緩，常難以及時察覺水溫異常，增加危險性。為此，本研究提出一套智慧洗澡安全系統，透過即時監控與自動防護機制，提升沐浴安全並減輕照護者負擔。系統以LM35溫度感測器量測水溫，經LM358運算放大器處理後送入ESP32微控制器判斷。當溫度超過45°C，ESP32立即驅動MOSFET切斷電磁閥水源，同時啟動紅色LED燈條與喇叭模組播放語音，提供視聽雙重警示。異常數據同步上傳至伺服器並於Web App呈現，便於家屬遠端監控。硬體設計納入穩壓電源、語音播放控制器、防水 LED燈條等，確保在浴室高濕環境下依然穩定運作。軟體部分則以ESP32為核心，搭配Arduino IDE、Flask API與RWD網頁前端，整合監控與資料紀錄功能。實驗結果顯示，本系統能即時偵測水溫異常並自動執行斷水警示，有效降低長者燙傷風險，提升居家安全與照護品質。

Abstract This paper aims to solve the risk of scalding caused by excessively high water temperatures during the bathing process of older adults. With the aging population, elderly individuals often find it difficult to promptly perceive abnormal water temperatures due to reduced skin sensitivity and slower reactions. This situation increases the danger. To solve this problem, this paper proposes an “intelligent bathing safety system” that enhances bathing safety and reduces the burden on caregivers through real-time monitoring and automatic protection mechanisms. The system measures water temperature using an LM35 temperature sensor and processes the signal with an LM358 operational amplifier. The processed signal is then sent to an ESP32 microcontroller for judgment. When the temperature exceeds 45°C, the ESP32 immediately drives a MOSFET to cut off the solenoid valve water supply. At the same time, it activates a red LED light strip and a speaker module to play a voice alert, providing both visual and auditory warnings. Abnormal data is simultaneously uploaded to a server and displayed on a web app, enabling family members to monitor remotely. The hardware design incorporates a regulated power supply, a voice playback controller, waterproof LED light strips, and other components to ensure stable operation in the high-humidity bathroom environment. On the software side, the system is built around the ESP32, integrated with Arduino IDE, Flask API, and an RWD web front end to support monitoring and data recording functions. Experimental results show that the system can detect abnormal water temperatures in real time and automatically execute water outage warnings. This effectively reduces the risk of scalding in older adults and improves home safety and caregiving quality.