加重無照駕駛政策與法規效益

Abstract

中文摘要 近年來，無照駕駛已成為我國道路交通安全之重要風險來源。儘管政府透過修法提高罰鍰與加重行政處分，相關違規行為與事故仍持續發生，顯示現行以金錢處罰為主之管制模式，在行為抑制與事前預防上仍具侷限。本研究旨在檢視現行無照駕駛處罰制度之實際效果，並分析其在不同族群與風險情境下之適切性。 研究方法上，透過國內未成年、累犯及高齡無照駕駛案例分析，並比較英國、日本與西班牙之法規制度，同時蒐集122份問卷資料，分析民眾對現行罰則之認知與政策支持態度。 研究結果顯示，多數民眾對無照駕駛罰則認知不足，且普遍認為單純提高罰鍰之嚇阻效果有限，較支持具實質限制行為之處罰方式。綜合分析指出，無照駕駛問題主要涉及教育與宣導不足，以及處罰機制未能與違規風險對應。本研究據此提出差異化處罰、責任連帶及刑責評價升級等制度設計方向，以期提升無照駕駛管理之實質效益。 Abstract In recent years, driving without a license has become an important source of risk for road traffic safety in Taiwan. Although the government has amended the law to increase fines and increase administrative penalties, related violations and accidents continue to occur, indicating that the current control model based on monetary penalties still has limitations in behavior suppression and prevention. This study aims to examine the actual effectiveness of the current penalty system for unlicensed driving and analyze its appropriateness in different groups and risk scenarios. In terms of research methodology, through the analysis of domestic cases of minors, repeat offenders, and elderly unlicensed driving, and comparing the legal systems of the United Kingdom, Japan, and Spain, 122 questionnaire data were collected to analyze the public's perception of the current penalties and policy support attitudes. The results of the study show that most people have insufficient awareness of the penalties for driving without a license, and generally believe that simply increasing the penalty has a limited deterrent effect, and is more supportive of punishment methods with substantial restrictions. The comprehensive analysis points out that the problem of unlicensed driving mainly involves insufficient education and publicity, as well as the failure of the penalty mechanism to correspond to the risk of violations. Based on this, this study proposes system design directions such as differentiated penalties, joint and several liability, and criminal liability evaluation upgrades, in order to improve the practical benefits of unlicensed driving management.