大眾運輸系統學期末報告: 500 中清幹線

Abstract

中文摘要 本研究旨在探討臺中市核心公車「500 路中清幹線」及其相關路線之營運現況，主要針對尖峰路段供不應求、路線過長導致郊區運能閒置，以及夜間運能過剩等供需失衡問題進行診斷並提出具體優化方案。在研究過程中，團隊結合2024 年電子票證大數據進行時間與空間起訖點（OD）旅次分析，並運用地理資訊系統（GIS）評估周邊土地利用、路網條件與車輛調頭動線；同時依據大眾運輸服務品質手冊（TCQSM）標準與 TCRP 需求彈性中點弧公式，量化評估調整班距及區間截短之影響，並輔以電子票證資料探討各重要節點之搭乘特性。研究結果顯示，透過「尖峰加密、離峰截短、夜間減班」策略可顯著改善營運體質：包括於平日 17 時增發跳蛙公車班次以紓解學生通勤人潮；離峰時段開行臺中車站至大雅的區間車，並將清水郊區段班距適度調整為 60 分鐘以精簡無效運能；夜間時段則將班距由 30 分鐘微調為 45 分鐘以節省成本並維持基本民行。此外，亦建議增設公車優先道與改善車頭 LED 路線標示。本研究成果及評估模型可作為市府交通主管機關與客運業者在幹線公車排班調度、路線精簡及公共運輸資源配置之實務決策參考。

Abstract This study aims to investigate the current operational status of Taichung City's core bus route, "Route 500 Zhongqing Main Line," and its related routes. It primarily diagnoses supply-demand imbalances—such as peak-hour corridor capacity shortages, suburban capacity idling caused by overly long routes, and nighttime excess capacity—and proposes concrete optimization plans. During the research process, the team integrated 2024 electronic ticketing big data to conduct spatiotemporal Origin-Destination (OD) trip analyses and utilized Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to evaluate surrounding land use, road network conditions, and vehicle turnaround movements. Simultaneously, based on the Transit Capacity and Quality of Service Manual (TCQSM) standards and the TCRP midpoint arc elasticity formula, the study quantitatively evaluated the impacts of headway adjustments and route short-turning, supplemented by smart card data to explore the ridership characteristics of key nodes. The research findings show that the strategy of "increasing peak-hour frequency, short-turning off-peak services, and reducing nighttime trips" can significantly improve operational efficiency. This includes adding express "leapfrog" bus services at 17:00 on weekdays to relieve student commuter congestion; operating short-turn shuttle services between Taichung Station and Daya during off-peak hours while moderately adjusting headways in the suburban Qingshui section to 60 minutes to eliminate ineffective capacity; and fine-tuning nighttime headways from 30 minutes to 45 minutes to reduce costs while maintaining essential public mobility. Furthermore, the study recommends establishing bus priority lanes and improving head-sign LED destination displays. The findings and evaluation models of this study can serve as practical decision-making references for municipal transportation authorities and bus operators in trunk bus scheduling and dispatching, route streamlining, and public transit resource allocation.