路線營運資料分析暨改善建議：幸福巴士自達 1 路

Abstract

中文摘要 本研究旨在探討偏鄉需求反應式運輸服務（DRTS）之營運現況與精進策略，以臺中市和平區「幸福巴士自達 1 路」為研究對象，剖析偏鄉聚落居民之基本民行、長照就醫移動需求，並評估現行預約營運瓶頸與平行市區公車 253 路之競合關係。研究過程蒐集自達 1 路與 253 路之電子票證及平台預約數據，運用Python 演算法，並以 Excel 繪製起訖（OD）時空軌跡圖；同時利用地理資訊系統（QGIS）結合政府開放資料，進行交通轉乘節點與東勢、卓蘭端點半徑一公里內民行設施之涵蓋率分析，輔以實地現勘踏查與國內外 DRTS 案例制度比較。研究結果顯示，自達 1 路整體運量穩定成長，旅次以基本民行、長照及通學為主，惟約有二至三成班次僅載運單一乘客，且高達 92.2%依賴他人代訂，反映出資源配置問題與偏鄉長者的數位落差；在路廊競合上，晨峰時段自達 1路與 253 路重疊競爭，昏峰時段則發揮互補功能。據此，本研究提出具體改善方案：整併校車與長照專車等路廊既有運具以活化車輛資源、建立市區公車與醫院接駁車之指定轉乘機制、將 253 路併入自達 1 路並納入固定班次、放寬發車前 4 小時預約與活化空駛載客運能，以及推行單人搭乘收費與觀光客差別定價，作為未來偏鄉公共運輸永續營運與政策調整之實務參考。

Abstract This study explores the current operations and improvement strategies for Demand-Responsive Transit Services (DRTS) in remote areas. Focusing on the "Happiness Bus Zida Line 1" in Heping District, Taichung City, it analyzes local residents' daily travel and long-term care medical needs, evaluates booking bottlenecks, and assesses its relationship with the parallel city bus Route 253. The research collected smart card and booking platform data from both Zida Line 1 and Route 253, using Python algorithms and Excel to plot origin-destination (OD) spatio-temporal trajectory charts. Using QGIS combined with open government data, the study analyzed the coverage of daily life facilities within a 1-kilometer radius of transit transfer hubs and the terminals in Dongshi and Zhuolan. This was supplemented by field visits and comparisons with domestic and international DRTS cases. The results show steady ridership growth for Zida Line 1, mainly serving daily trips, long-term care medical visits, and school commutes. However, about 20% to 30% of trips carry only a single passenger, and 92.2% of bookings are made by someone else on behalf of the rider. This reflects issues with resource allocation and a digital divide among elderly residents in remote areas. Regarding route competition and cooperation, Zida Line 1 overlaps and competes with Route 253 during the morning peak, but complements it during the evening peak. Based on these findings, the study proposes concrete solutions, including integrating existing local transport vehicles—such as school buses and long-term care transports—to optimize vehicle resources, establishing designated transfer connections with city buses and hospital shuttles, merging Route 253 into Zida Line 1 as fixed scheduled trips, relaxing booking rules to allow reservations up to 4 hours before departure while utilizing empty return trips to pick up passengers, and introducing standard fares for single-passenger trips alongside differential pricing for tourists. These recommendations serve as a practical reference for the sustainable operation and policy adjustments of public transit in remote areas.