住宅熱舒適度優化之研究 －以台灣沙鹿區連棟住宅為例

Abstract

摘要 本研究以「建築碳排與熱舒適模型整合」為主軸，探討如何在住宅設計中同時兼顧能源效率與居住舒適。研究以臺中市沙鹿區自家住宅為案例，該地區屬亞熱帶沿海氣候，具有夏季高溫潮濕、冬季風勢強勁等特徵。由於此氣候條件常導致住宅在冷房能耗與室內熱環境之間出現衝突，因此本研究嘗試透過模擬分析，建立一套能兼顧「節能」與「舒適」的評估方法。 研究首先利用 SketchUp 建模建立住宅三維模型，並以 EnergyPlus 進行能源模擬，分析不同外殼材料、遮陽深度對全年能耗與碳排的影響，屋頂外殼代表水平外殼，外遮陽代表垂直外殼；同時，以 PMV/PPD 熱舒適指標模擬不同季節、時段與氣候條件下的室內熱環境變化，藉以比較各設計方案的舒適表現，驗證開放空間與氣流導引設計之成效。 模擬結果顯示，當外殼隔熱性能提升並搭配適當遮陽深度，住宅全年冷房能耗可有效降低，碳排放同步減少，且室內熱舒適度明顯提升。夏季高溫時段中，改善對流通風可穩定操作溫度並減少不舒適時數。研究最終提出一套以「碳排與熱舒適並行評估」為核心的住宅能效優化流程，提供未來住宅設計與節能改造之參考依據。 本研究的貢獻在於將建築能耗、碳排與人體舒適三者連結於同一分析框架中，並以實際住宅案例驗證其可行性。結果顯示，被動式設計策略如隔熱、遮陽與自然通風，在亞熱帶濕熱氣候中能有效平衡能源需求與居住體驗，亦可作為未來永續住宅發展的重要依據。Abstract This study focuses on the "integration of building carbon emissions and thermal comfort models" to explore how to balance energy efficiency and residential comfort in housing design. The study uses a residence in Shalu District, Taichung City, as a case study. The area has a subtropical coastal climate characterized by hot, humid summers and strong winter winds. As these conditions often create conflicts between cooling energy consumption and the indoor thermal environment, this study establishes an assessment method that balances "energy conservation" and "comfort" through simulation analysis. The research utilizes SketchUp to construct a three-dimensional model of the residence and EnergyPlus to perform energy simulations, analyzing the impact of envelope materials and shading depths on annual energy consumption and carbon emissions; the roof represents the horizontal envelope, while external shading represents the vertical envelope. PMV/PPD thermal comfort indices simulate variations in the indoor thermal environment across seasons and time periods to compare the comfort performance of design schemes and verify airflow guidance designs. Simulation results indicate that when envelope insulation performance is improved and paired with appropriate shading depth, the residence's annual cooling energy consumption is reduced, carbon emissions decrease, and indoor thermal comfort improves. During high-temperature summer periods, improved convective ventilation stabilizes operative temperatures and reduces uncomfortable hours. The study proposes a residential energy efficiency optimization process centered on the "parallel assessment of carbon emissions and thermal comfort." The contribution of this study lies in linking building energy consumption, carbon emissions, and human comfort within a single analytical framework through an actual residential case. The results show that passive design strategies such as insulation, shading, and natural ventilation can balance energy demands and living experience in a subtropical hot-humid climate, supporting the development of sustainable housing.