臺中市 900 路公車之尖峰時段擁擠度分析與改善策略研究

Abstract

中文摘要 近年來公共運輸逐漸受到重視，而公車作為都市重要的大眾運輸工具，其服務品質與運輸效率直接影響民眾搭乘意願。透過社群媒體及相關討論平台可發現，許多民眾反映臺中市 900 路公車於上下學尖峰時段經常出現車內擁擠、乘車空間不足及候車人數過多等情形，因此本研究以 900 路公車為研究對象，探討其旅運需求特性及尖峰時段載客情形，並提出相應之改善建議。本研究利用 2024 年公共運輸電子票證資料、路線資訊及車上人數資料，針對 900 幹線公車與 900 跳蛙公車進行分析，探討其旅運距離、旅行時間及尖峰時段運量分布情形。研究結果顯示，900 路公車之擁擠問題並非平均分布於整條路線，而是集中於特定時段及區段。早尖峰時段主要受到學生通學及捷運轉乘需求影響，高運量區段集中於捷運松竹站、一中商圈及弘文中學周邊；晚尖峰時段除學生放學需求外，亦受到商圈活動需求影響，其中一中商圈周邊之載客量較為明顯。此外，學期中與寒暑假期間之運量分布亦存在差異，顯示旅運需求會隨不同時期而產生變化。根據分析結果，本研究認為 900 路公車之擁擠問題應採取差異化方式進行改善。針對早尖峰時段高運量集中於特定區段之現象，建議於維持原有幹線服務的前提下，將部分既有班次調整為區間車服務，以分流高需求區段之旅客；而晚尖峰時段則透過調整班次配置，將部分離峰時段班次移轉至尖峰時段，以提升尖峰時段之運能供給。上述方案皆以既有車輛及駕駛人力進行調整，不需額外增加車輛配置及駕駛人力，兼顧營運可行性與改善效益。研究成果可作為未來 900 路公車營運規劃及公共運輸服務改善之參考依據。

Abstract In recent years, public transportation has received increasing attention. As a vital component of urban mass transit, the service quality and operational efficiency of buses directly influence the public's willingness to ride. Discussions on social media and related platforms reveal that Taichung Bus Route 900 frequently experiences severe in-vehicle crowding, insufficient passenger space, and excessive waiting times during morning and evening peak hours. Therefore, this study focuses on Route 900 to investigate its travel demand characteristics and peak-hour passenger loads, subsequently proposing corresponding improvement strategies. Utilizing 2024 public transit smart card data, route specifications, and on-board passenger counts, this study analyzes the Route 900 Trunk Bus and Route 900 Leapfrog Bus to examine travel distances, travel times, and peak-hour volume distributions. The empirical results indicate that the crowding issue on Route 900 is not uniformly distributed across the entire route but is concentrated within specific time periods and segments. The morning peak is primarily driven by student commuting and MRT transfer demands, with high-volume segments concentrated around MRT Songzhu Station, the Yizhong Shopping District, and Hungwen High School. The evening peak, in addition to student dismissals, is influenced by commercial activities, with a more pronounced passenger load observed around the Yizhong Shopping District. Furthermore, distinct differences in traffic volume distribution exist between the school semester and summer/winter vacations, demonstrating that travel demand fluctuates across different periods. Based on the analysis, this study suggests that the crowding problem on Route 900 should be addressed through differentiated strategies. To tackle the concentration of high volume in specific segments during the morning peak, it is recommended to convert certain existing scheduled trips into short-turn services while maintaining the original trunk service, thereby diverting passengers in high-demand sectors. For the evening peak, adjusting schedule configurations to shift a portion of off-peak trips to peak hours is proposed to enhance peak-hour capacity supply. Both schemes rely solely on the adjustment of existing vehicles and driving manpower, requiring no additional fleet expansion or labor costs, thus balancing operational feasibility with improvement benefits. The findings of this study can serve as a reference for the future operational planning of Route 900 and the optimization of public transportation services.